Dominican Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dominican Republic - Essay Example Numerous neighborhood individuals, knowing there fate fled dreading the Europeans and later on framed there own states, called the Maroon settlements. The colonizers got another change, they imported the individuals of color and subjection was one of the most dominating highlights around then. However, this changed in light of the Haitian Liberation, this ensured subjection was totally abrogated from the nation, because of which, the blacks having no where to go chose in the nation. This is the historical backdrop of the nation, which saw numerous a change occurring. The individuals of Dominican Republic are aces with regards to roundabout correspondence, they solidly have confidence in keeping up a decent connection with the same number of individuals as they can. The individuals of the Dominican Republic believe themselves to be more Latin American than Caribbean. The circumstance of the nation starting at now is very awful; the individuals are battling to battle against the degenerate individuals, who are as of now in power. Spanish is spoken in the nation and the individuals are exceptionally pleased with the virtue of Spanish they talk in the nation. The banner of the nation is planned in such a way, that it shows national pride and enthusiasm. The banner comprises of the hues red and blue which show the blood of the individuals who surrendered their lives and freedom separately. The Dominican escutcheon can be found in the focal point of the banner. An ongoing national image, developed in 1992, is the Columbus Lighthouse. It was a work vent ure imagined by President Joaqun Balaguer when he was 85 years of age and visually impaired. It is a tremendous cross, level on the ground, confronting the sky and overflowing with lights, and was worked as a vacation spot. (Every Culture, 14 August, 2008). The beacon is in a zone where there is absolute neediness; individuals live hopelessly, with no power and without a lot progressively essential necessities. The beacon is an extremely huge fascination and can even be seen consuming brilliantly from Puerto Rico. The local individuals are known as the Tianos; Columbus was very much welcomed when he initially showed up in the nation. These Tianos were harmony adoring individuals and lived in the tropical timberland. These Tianos lives in make move homes and numerous families lived under a similar rooftop. The towns were additionally partitioned into areas, each region had a boss, who took care if that specific region. During this time there was no servitude in the nation and it was liberated from every other malice as well. The Tianos were truly adept at developing harvests, extraordinarily the root crops. They additionally burrowed and utilized it as adornments. Columbus watched out for the gold burrowing aptitudes of the Tianos and imagined that he had a decent possibility of paying his obligations to the lord and sovereign of Spain. The way of life of the Tianos isn't plainly introduced in light of the fact that almost all the Tianos passed on following three many years of Columbus' visit t o the nation. Columbus is known the world over for his exploring abilities yet he flopped in ruling these Tainos, rather than cultivating he made them delve in quest for gold. The locals kicked the bucket, as there were unbearable condition, food was not accessible in bounty and the populace diminished. The nation additionally observed the attack of the United States of America from 1916 to 1924. The strength of the United States brought numerous changes, for example during the standard numerous new classes of land proprietors developed and the nation likewise sa

Lamb The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 9 Free Essays

string(24) mists over the sky. Part II Change Jesus was a hero, he didn’t need this poo. JOHN PRINE Section 9 I ought to have had an arrangement before I attempted to escape from the lodging, I see that now. At that point, running out the entryway and into the arms of sweet opportunity appeared plan enough. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sheep: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 9 or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now I got similar to the entryway. It is a fine entryway, as fantastic as any royal residence, however in the method of opportunity, I need more. I saw before Raziel hauled me again into the lift, about disengaging my shoulder simultaneously, that there were an unnecessary number of elderly individuals in the anteroom. Actually, contrasted with my time, there are exorbitant quantities of elderly folks individuals wherever †well, not on TV, however wherever else. Have you individuals overlooked how amazing? Or on the other hand have you spent the entirety of the youngsters on TV so there’s nothing left except for silver hair and wrinkled substance? In my time, in the event that you had seen forty summers the time had come to begin considering proceeding onward, accounting for the youths. In the event that you endured to fifty the grievers would give you grimy looks when they went, as though you were intentionally attempting to make them bankrupt. The Torah says that Moses live d to be 120 years of age. I’m speculating that the offspring of Israel were tailing him just to see when he would drop. There was most likely wagering. On the off chance that I do figure out how to get away from the holy messenger, I’m not going to have the option to make my living as an expert griever, not in the event that you individuals don’t have the kindness to bite the dust. Similarly also, I assume, I’d need to become familiar with every single new requiem. I’ve attempted to get the holy messenger to watch MTV so I can get familiar with the jargon of your music, yet even with the endowment of tongues, I’m experiencing difficulty figuring out how to talk hip-bounce. How can it be that one can busta rhyme or busta move anyplace however you should busta top in someone’s ass? Is â€Å"ho† consistently ladylike, and â€Å"muthafucka† consistently manly, while â€Å"bitch† can be either? What number of peeps in a gang, what amount of goods before infant got back, do you need to be all that to get all up in that, and do I should be dope and phat to be da bomb or can I s imply be â€Å"stupid†? I’ll not be singing over any dead moms until I comprehend. The excursion. The journey. The quest for the Magi. We headed out first to the coast. Neither Joshua nor I had ever observed the ocean previously, so as we beat a slope close to the city of Ptolomais, and the perpetual sea green/blue of the Mediterranean extended before us, Joshua tumbled to his knees and offered gratitude to his dad. â€Å"You can nearly observe the edge of the world,† Joshua said. I squinted into the amazing sun, truly searching for the edge of the world. â€Å"It looks kind of curved,† I said. â€Å"What?† Joshua examined the skyline, yet obviously he didn’t see the bend. â€Å"The edge of the world looks bended. I think it’s round.† â€Å"What’s round?† â€Å"The world. I think it’s round.† â€Å"Of course it’s round, similar to a plate. In the event that you go to the edge you tumble off. Each mariner knows that,† Joshua said with incredible position. â€Å"Not round like a plate, round like a ball.† â€Å"Don’t be silly,† Joshua said. â€Å"If the world was round like a ball then we would slide off of it.† â€Å"Not if it’s sticky,† I said. Joshua lifted his foot and took a gander at the base of his shoe, at that point at me, at that point at the ground. â€Å"Sticky?† I took a gander at the base of my own shoe, wanting to maybe observe strands of tenacity there, as softened cheddar tying me to the ground. At the point when your closest companion is the child of God, you become weary of losing each contention. â€Å"Just in light of the fact that you can’t see it, doesn’t mean the world isn't sticky.† Joshua feigned exacerbation. â€Å"Let’s go swimming.† He brought off down the slope. â€Å"What about the God?† I inquired. â€Å"You can’t see him.† Joshua halted mostly down the slope and held his arms out to the sparkling, sea green/blue ocean. â€Å"You can’t?† â€Å"That’s a bad contention, Josh.† I tailed him down the slope, yelling as I went. â€Å"If you’re not going to attempt, I’m not going to contend with you any longer. All in all, imagine a scenario in which tenacity resembles God. You know, how He forsakes our kin and leads them into servitude at whatever point we quit trusting in Him. Tenacity could be that way. You could glide off into the sky whenever now since you don’t have confidence in stickiness.† â€Å"It’s great that you have something to trust in, Biff. I’m going in the water.† He ran down the sea shore, shedding his garments as he went, at that point dove into the surf, bare. Afterward, after we’d both gulped enough salt water to make us wiped out, we headed up the coast to the city of Ptolemais. â€Å"I didn’t figure it would be so salty,† Joshua said. â€Å"Yeah,† I stated, â€Å"you’d never realize it by taking a gander at it.† â€Å"Are you still furious about your round-earth-tenacity theory?† â€Å"I don’t anticipate that you should understand,† I stated, sounding exceptionally develop, I thought. â€Å"You being a virgin and all.† Joshua halted and snatched my shoulder, driving me to wheel around and face him. â€Å"The night you went through with Maggie I spent going to my dad to remove the musings of both of you. He didn’t answer me. It resembled attempting to rest on a bed of thistles. Since we left I was starting to overlook, or if nothing else desert it, however you continue tossing it in my face.† â€Å"You’re right,† I said. â€Å"I overlooked how touchy you virgins can be.† At that point, by and by, and not once and for all, the Prince of Peace coldcocked me. A hard, stonecutter’s clench hand simply over my correct eye. He hit more earnestly than I recollected. I recall white seabirds in the sky above me, and only a wisp of mists over the sky. You read Sheep: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 9 in classification Paper models I recall the foamy surf sloshing over my face, leaving sand in my ears. I felt that I ought to get up and destroy Josh upside the head. I thought then that on the off chance that I got up, Josh may hit me once more, so I lay there for a second, simply thinking. â€Å"So, what do you want?† I stated, at long last, from my wet and sandy supinity. He remained over me with his clench hands balled. â€Å"If you’re going to keep bringing it up, you need to let me know the details.† â€Å"I can do that.† â€Å"And don’t leave anything out.† â€Å"Nothing?† â€Å"I’ve became more acquainted with if I’m going to comprehend sin.† â€Å"Okay, would i be able to get up? My ears are loading up with sand.† He helped me to my feet and as we entered the ocean side city of Ptolomais, I instructed Josh about sex. Down thin stone avenues between high stone dividers. â€Å"Well, the greater part of what we gained from the rabbis was not actually accurate.† Past men sitting outside their homes, retouching their nets. Kids selling cups of pomegranate juice, ladies draping strings of fish from window to window to dry. â€Å"For occasion, you realize that part directly after Lot’s spouse gets went to stone and afterward his girls become inebriated and have sex with him?† â€Å"Right, after Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed.† â€Å"Well, that’s not as terrible as it sounds,† I said. We passed Phoenician ladies who sang as they beat dried fish into dinner. We passed dissipation pools where youngsters scratched the encrusted salt from the stones and put it into sacks. â€Å"But sex is a transgression, and sex with your girls, well, that’s an, I don’t know, that’s a twofold canine sin.† â€Å"Yeah, however on the off chance that you set that aside for a second, and you simply center around the two little youngsters part of it, it’s not close to as awful as it sounds initially.† â€Å"Oh.† We passed shippers selling products of the soil and oil, flavors and incense, getting out cases of value and enchantment in their products. There was a great deal of enchantment available to be purchased back then. â€Å"And the Song of Solomon, that’s much closer, and you can kind of comprehend Solomon having a thousand spouses. Actually, with you being the Son of God and all, I don’t think you’d have any issue getting that numerous young ladies. That is to say, after you make sense of what you’re doing.† â€Å"And a ton of young ladies is a decent thing?† â€Å"You’re a ninny, aren’t you?† â€Å"I thought you’d be progressively explicit. What does Maggie have to do with Lot and Solomon?† â€Å"I can’t enlighten you regarding me and Maggie, Josh. I just can’t.† We were passing a lick of whores accumulated outside the entryway of a hotel. Their countenances were painted, their skirts cut up the side to show their legs flickering with oil, and they called to us in unknown dialects and made small hits the dance floor with their hands as we passed. â€Å"What the hellfire are they saying?† I asked Joshua. He was better with dialects. I think they were communicating in Greek. â€Å"They said something regarding how they like Hebrew young men since we can feel a woman’s tongue better without our foreskins.† He took a gander at me as though I may verify or refute this. â€Å"How much cash do we have?† I inquired. The hotel leased rooms, slows down, and space under the eave to rest. We leased two adjoining slows down, which was somewhat of an extravagance for us, however a significant one for Joshua’s training. All things considered, weren’t we on this excursion so he could figure out how to accept his legitimate spot as the Messiah? â

Tips to Learn How to Write a College Paper

Tips to Learn How to Write a College PaperWriting a college paper can be a very difficult task. You might be wondering how you can write a college paper with these challenges that you have in front of you.There are many different subjects that you need to cover and this can be a time consuming process for many people. It can also be hard for you to just sit down and write because of other obligations and demands that you have. If you want to write a college paper that is going to be able to show your class and teacher what you know then you have to make sure that you know how to do this.There are various ways that you can learn to write a college paper without having to sit down and write the whole thing. There are a lot of tips that you can get that will help you with this process. You need to make sure that you learn how to do this and that you take the proper steps to learn to write a college paper. There are many tips and guides that are available for this and you need to make su re that you find the right one for you.One of the first tips that you should look for is learning how to be organized when it comes to your papers. Learning how to write a college paper is going to take a lot of effort but that doesn't mean that you have to be involved in a paper jam every time you are trying to write your assignment. You need to make sure that you use your best judgment when it comes to organizing your papers. Organizing your papers will help you get them written more quickly and more efficiently.When you are trying to get your papers written you need to make sure that you find a good resource that can help you with this. Find a guide that you can trust and make sure that you read the tips that are written for each type of paper that you are going to be writing. This is going to help you find a way to learn how to write a college paper without having to worry about your notes becoming ruined. Some of the tips that are offered can help you do this and some can help you be more organized in your papers.You can learn how to write a college paper by going online and getting information. This is a great way to learn how to write a college paper without having to worry about wasting time trying to find a quality resource that can help you learn this process. You can find tips and guides online that will help you learn how to write a college paper and this is something that is really worth it when you consider the benefits that are available.You can even learn how to write a college paper by taking an advanced class that teaches you how to write a specific subject. You can take courses that teach you how to write a college paper from a variety of different topics. You will be able to learn how to write a college paper that is tailored to a specific topic.You need to make sure that you understand the steps that are involved in learning how to write a college paper before you start to think about this process. You will need to make sure that you do al l of the research that is necessary before you start this process. This is something that is worth it will make the process much easier for you to get started.

President Of The United States Essay - 1119 Words

â€Å"December 17th 1941—a date inn which will live in infamy† -FDR Strong and powerful words that will live in America history for the rest of our lives. President Roosevelts speech marked the beginning of one of the deadliest war in American history, following the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. After such a sudden and unexpected attack, Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war on the Empire of Japan and vowed to liberate Europe from Nazi Germany. Sadly, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed away four years after his famous speech. Still in the middle of the war, America turned to Vice President Harry Truman. The American people were more than ready to end the war, but how? As Chief Executive of the United States it was no one’s but Truman job to do everything he could to finally put an end to World War II. He was very determined to achieve his and Roosevelts goal as quickly as possible. As soon as Truman learned about The Manhattan Project, he knew he was faced with a tough decision. The ability to end the war with the Japanese was in his hands, even it meant he would unleash the world’s deadliest weapon. Before the Beginning of the war in 1939, a group of American scientist, many refugees from Europe, became concerned that Nazi Germany was conducting some research on nuclear weapon. Their concern is what led to what is now known as The Manhattan Project. The project consisted of the development of an atomic bomb that the United states will soon drop on Japan. A bomb thatShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe president is the most important job in the United States. Not the ruler of the United States ,but have some power over the country. The president of the United States is a person who symbolize the country and leads the country by making decisions of what is the best thing to do. The president needs to know about the past history such as the conflict of World War I and II and different events that led to violence in our own country. The president of the United States needs to know how the systemRead MoreThe President Of The United States16 17 Words   |  7 PagesThe President of the United States is a well respect and immensely powerful position. Every 4 years, a new president is elected. Many highly respect individuals hold competition for this career, presenting their ideas and beliefs for the American people to support or refute. The United States current president, Barack Obama, is ending is 2nd term in office. This starts the debate and discussion of who will take his place as president. Currently, there is an enormous selection of individuals who peopleRead MoreThe President Of The United States777 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many flaws in the actions of the President of the United States using executive action to shape policies for the United States, but congress plays a major role in the reasons why there are so many issues pertaining to the use of executive action. Another flaw is that it is not spelled out in the constitution that the president is allowed to bypass congress on any issues that are not a ttended to. Congress makes a huge fuss about the president executing his executive actions but congressRead MorePresident Of The United States1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe President of the United States of America is literally the most important person on this planet. Why, you may ask? Well, that’s because, he is â€Å"in charge† of the most powerful and influential country of the world. Every decision he makes, in regard to America, can and will affect every other country in some sort of way. Presidents have so much power that every decision they make becomes news. Now, the next logical question would be, where does all this power come from? Who said it was okay forRead MorePresident Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to become president of the United States, one must meet several qualifications. These include being a naturally born citizen of the United States who is at least 35 years old and has resided in the U.S. for at least fourteen years. Hillary Clinton meets all of these qualifications. Clinton was born on October 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois. Her current age is 69. She was raised in Park Ridge, Illinois, which is a picturesque suburb located about fifteen miles from downtown Chicago (â€Å"HillaryRead MoreThe President Of The United States1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn every presidential election, political debates occur with the political party’s main candidate where they offer their views on running the country then citizens decide who should be the president of the United States. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale participated in their second debate against each other. Four panelists on the topic of defense and foreign policy issues would prompt the two candidates to certain issues of their concern. Some issues in the dispute that were discussedRead MoreThe President Of The United States930 Words   |  4 PagesThe President of the United States, Jackson M. Washington, was six-foot three-inch’s tall, athletic build, salt and pepper graying hair; he was fifty-three years old. He had served in the Marines after College for four years and ended up getting out as a Captain after his first hitch. From there he started his political career by volunteering for certain candidates for Congress and the Senate that had a message that resonated with him. Back then he switched party affiliations often, like changingRead MoreThe President Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe leader of the country In the United States of America is called the President. The title President is derived from Latin, prae- before + sedere to sit. It originally designated the officer who presides over or sits before a gathering and ensures that debate is conducted according to the rules of order. The President is the brain for millions of government workers in the Executive Branch. And as well chooses how the laws of the United States are to be enforced along with singlin g outRead MoreThe President Of The United States Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout United States history, the American people voted for the President of the U.S. and for members of both chambers of Congress, and the 2016 election is not an exception. On November 9th, Donald J. Trump was declared to become the 45th President of the United States by attaining 306 electoral votes, which is clearly past the threshold of the required 270 electoral votes. However, after winning the popular vote in states Trump had won, some electors from those states have expressed their disappointmentRead MorePresident Of The United States860 Words   |  4 PagesA president of the United States must perform various roles such as, Chief Legislator, Commander in Chief, Chief Executive, Chief of State, Chief of Party, Chief Administrator, Chief Diplomat, and Chief Citizen. As the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton was a great president because of his performance in presidential rol es and policies put forth during his presidency. According to Compton’s Encyclopedia, Bill Clinton was born in Hope, Arkansas. He attended several universities including

Battered Woman Syndrome And The National Institute Of Justice

According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute of Justice, one in four women in the United States has experienced domestic violence during her lifetime (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2012). This type of abuse can be fatal and detrimental to one’s personal growth. When woman are repeatedly abused, they show different signs, symptoms and general characteristics. These characteristics are defined as Battered Woman Syndrome. Battered Woman Syndrome, or BTS, was a theory that was developed in the 1970’s (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2010). As stated before, BTS is the signs, symptoms, and general characteristics of battered woman. According to Dr. Lenore E. Walker, the â€Å"mother of Battered Woman Syndrome,† a â€Å"battered woman† is any woman 18 years of age or older, who is or has been in an intimate relationship with a man who repeatedly subjects her to physical and/or psychological abuse (Battered Woman Syndrome, 2010, p. 4 ). In order to understand Battered Woman Syndrome, the general characteristics must be explained. There are four general characteristics of BTS; the first characteristic is that the woman believes that the violence inflicted is her fault. She believes that no matter the situation, when she is abused, she did something to deserve that abuse. The second characteristic is that the woman is incapable of placing the responsibility for the violet actions elsewhere. Third characteristic is the women perpetually fears for her life/lives ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children2555 Words   |  11 Pages ​Over the last 20 years, community awareness of domestic and family violence has made a significant increase. Statistics have shown that every 9 seconds in the United States, a woman is assaulted, and around the world, at least one in every three women has been battered and manipulated into having sex. Most often, the abuser is a member of her own family (Domestic Violence Statistics, 2013). Domestic violence is not restricted to a single ethnicity, religion, race, age groupRead More Why Women Stay in Violent Relationships Essay4419 Words   |  18 Pagespoor health, may face a decline in the living standard for herself and her children. Many older children may resent this decision. She may believe that she will be charged with desertion or losing the children and cash assets if she leaves. Some battered women have an ideology that may include: she does not believe in divorce, marriage is forever,† till death do us part†. They may believe that it is crucial to the children for them to have a mother and a father, no matter how terrible the fatherRead MoreLegal Studies on Violence Against Women Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesviolence against women. First and foremost, the police. Every local area police station has a domestic violence liaison officer whose role is to solely help women who are experiencing domestic violence. (If the liaison officer is unavailable, the woman can phone a crisis phone line such as the Department of Community Services domestic violence line which is a 24 hour service). Children can be protected by the police if they live in a violent household. Through the police force and their powers,Read MoreHunyango Sa Bato - Abdon Balde Jr.6135 Words   |  25 Pagesdifficulty in assisting her child with processing his or her own experience of witnessing the domestic violence.[60] Family Violence prevention in Australia and other countries has begun to focus on breaking intergenerational cycles, according to the National (Aust) Standards for Working with Children Exposed to Family Violence it is important to acknowledge that exposing children to Family Violence is child abuse.[61]  Some of the effects of Family Violence on children are highlighted in the QueenslandRead MoreThe Topic Of Female Serial Killers3596 Words   |  15 Pagesbehaviour dynamically. However alternatively speaking, some scientists criticize the investigations due to the limited evidence which had produced a limited number of confirmed conclusions or associations . According to Dr. Mae-Wan Ho from the Institute of Science in Society, claims that environment can only impact as much as genetic makeup can. However changing the environment can often undo the harm that individuals have experienced in early life . Moreover, Dr. Stanton E. Same, author of InsideRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesresult, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s Institute of Learning was established at a cost exceeding $50 million. The goal of providing five days of training and education to every employee each year has been met for several years. To focus on performance, each department and every employee have Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesbeers, higher priced even than most imports. Notwithstanding this—or maybe because of it—Boston Beer became the largest microbrewer. It proved that a small entrepreneur can compete successfully against the giants in the industry, and do this on a national scale. Marketing Wars Pepsi and Coca-Cola for decades competed worldwide. Usually Coca-Cola won out, but it could never let its guard down; however, it recently did so in Europe. Now a Organization of this Book †¢ 5 trend toward noncarbonatedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespermission to reproduce copyright material. Figure 2.1 (top left)  © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS, (top right)  © Edifice/ CORBIS, (bottom left)  © Michael Nicholson/CORBIS, (bottom right)  © Mikael Andersson/Nordic Photos/Getty Images; Figure 2.3  © Sean Justice/The Image Bank/ Getty Images; Figure 2.4  © Bruce Hands/Stone/Getty Images; 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5 based on Human relations: rare, medium, or well-done? in Harvard Business Review Vol. 26 No. 1 Harvard Business School Publishing (RoethlisbergerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBritt, California State University Tim Bothell, Brigham Young University David Cherrington, Brigham Young University John Collins, Syracuse University Kerri Crowne, Temple University Todd Dewett, Wright State University Andrew J. Dubrin, Rochester Institute of Technology Steven Edelson, Temple University Norma G ivens, Fort Valley State University Barbara A. Gorski, St. Thomas University David Hampton, San Diego State University Stanley Harris, Auburn University Richard E. Hunt, Rockhurst College DanielRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespractice. The intended market of the book comprises the following segments: âž ¡ Students reading for degrees involving marketing (especially MBA candidates and senior undergraduates following business studies programmes) âž ¡ Students of The Chartered Institute of Marketing who are preparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation

Analyzing An Advertisement Of My Choice From A Magazine

Reflecting on English Composition I This semester I took dual enrollment English Composition I. Not only did this class give me college credit, it strengthened my writing skills as well. I was challenged to write a variety of essays that focused on different writing styles. The first essay I was asked to write was an advertisement analysis. In this essay, I had to analyze an advertisement of my choice from a magazine. I chose to analyze an advertisement for the Toyota 4Runner. When my teacher first mentioned a thesis, I had no idea what she was talking about. Soon, I came to realize that a thesis was a sentence at the end of the introduction paragraph that briefly introduces the topics covered in the essay. I chose to analyze the 4Runner advertisement with the following topics: its appeal to outdoorsmen, its facts used to persuade buyers, and the lively way in which the vehicle was portrayed. I learned that each body paragraph needed to be structured around those topics, and that is exactly what I did. I found this essay to be easy to write. Furthermore, I received my highest grade of the year on this essay, only having one unclear pronoun reference and a misplaced comma. The second essay I had to write was a comparative analysis. Unlike the advertisement analysis, in this essay, I had to compare two seemingly different topics. The topics were chosen for me: high school and feudalism. When assigned this essay, I was not sure what feudalism was. I did research to get anShow MoreRelatedHow Marketing Has Changed Throughout The Years Of Business849 Words   |  4 Pagesstart from scratch you could get stuck in the mind-sets of those who went before you (Juicing the orange ). Marketing has changed throughout the years of business, marketing started as ads in newspapers, in the mail, magazines and commercials on tv. But, it was hard to reach people that lived in other cities or states. As the internet got more popular it was easier for businesses to reach out to mor e people in other cities and states. The ways people used to market was newspaper, magazines, radioRead MoreCase Study : Buyer Behavior And Consumer Focused Initiative1353 Words   |  6 PagesExplain in detail how you would utilize each stage in consumer decision making process to capture the attention of potential customers in New Zealand with your offers. As being a marketing company for a chain of mid-priced hotels/resorts in Fiji/Samoa, my strategies could be as follows:- (wikipedia) †¢ Hotels should be easily accessible, i.e, close to airport beaches. †¢ Rooms should be properly clean, good sized for families with good package at medium prices. It could also include free welcome drinkRead MoreEssay on logic852 Words   |  4 PagesFallacy Essay Magazine ads and commercials are the best ways to sell things. 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Corporate Strategies of CSL Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Strategies of CSL. Answer: Introduction CSL is a worldwide recognized biotherapeutics organisation which significantly delivers as well as develops the pioneering biotherapies which aid in live saving and also help the individuals with the serious medical illness live full lives. There are around 30 overseas nations where the company has made a renowned presence with its efficient operations and approximately 17,000 employees (CSL, 2017). The primary area of business are the US, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany and Australia. Development and growth of CSL through the application of corporate strategies CSL works globally with a vision to have its primary focus on five major elements including customer focus, innovation, integrity, collaboration and superior performance. The company works with a mission statement to address the needs of maximum number of the individuals suffering from serious and threatening medical illness. By the means of its innovative therapies it mission is to save thousands of lives (CSL, 2017). The core competencies are the one because of which CSL has gained such a renowned brand recognition and worldwide presence. Its core competencies comprises of extensive capacity of research and development which offers innovativeness to the company, honest and ethical activities, high level of collaboration which provided strength to the company to undertake major projects, and the best quality of services. With these core competencies, the company is expanding globally with a rapid rate (CSL Behring, 2017). Successful strategies deployed in the past There are several corporate strategies which the company has taken use of and implemented in the organisation for achieving continuous success and growth. Following are the few strategies which CSL has incorporated for achieving huge success. Emergent Strategies Research and development Partnerships: the company has made huge investments in the research and capital department for the development of the new and innovative products. There has been made several partnerships with various numerous academic institutions for supporting the pioneering research programs. Thus, this strategy helped CSL in developing new and innovative product (CSL, 2015). Growth Strategies Global expansion: CSL have already expanded in business in almost 30 nations. Expanding sales and products offerings in these overseas regions is one of the growth strategies of the company to increase its glob al reach, customer base and sales. Current strategies of CSL Following are the current strategies which the company is taking sued of for having increased market share and greater revenues with high markets sustainability. Strategic Partnership Tying partnership knots with large hospitals: It is the current strategy of the company to have further growth i.e. ton to have partnerships with large and big hospitals where the medicines of CSL can directly be served to the patients and thus expanding the use of CSL drugs in major hospitals. Growth Strategies Expansion: Being a successful past strategy, the expansion strategy is also one of the current growth strategies of the organisation. CSL is also planning to expand its business operations in many of the untapped and new regions in the overseas countries. Thus, it can have huge brand recognition and growth by having expansion in other countries (Greenblat, 2010). Ethical and Sustainable Approach By having past history of indulging several unethical practices, the company now have a strategic move to work on high ethical standards and sustainability approach so that there can be improved support from the Government as well as from the legal authorities so that theere can be maintained the smooth functioning of the companys business practices (Stetson, 2017). Business practices of CSL and their criticism Criticism 1: Criticism by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of US about objectionable practices and conditions and high level of manufacturing flaws in vaccines manufacturing Business practice: the manufacturing operations of CSL were found to be unethical and inappropriate. The vaccines manufactured by the company were criticized because of the high level of manufacturing flaws in them. It was also revealed that the workers even do not wore masks at the time of manufacturing of these vaccines. There were also conducted deficient checks and investigations which revealed that there are issues and problems in some of the processes which the organisation is not concerning upon. The company was also criticised by FDA for the no adequate evaluation of the testing conducted for the raw material. The company take use of the raw material without any proper analysis (Hall, 2011). Its Outcome: the outcome of this unethical business practice and the criticism faced by the company was that there was conducted strict scrutiny of the manufacturing processes and the raw material of CSL. The FDA issued a warning letter against the organisation by raising severe concerns regarding the manufacturing processes. And also warns CSL that if these issues are not fixed then the authority will withdraw the license from the company of selling the products in the US markets. Criticism 2: Criticized for artificially hiking the prices of plasma-derivative protein therapies Business practice: there was an unethical business practice in which CSL deliberately involved. The scam was related to the price-fixing of the plasma-derivative protein therapies. There was involvement of CSL Plasma Inc., CSL Behring LLC and CSL Limited in the scandal. The company unethically and secretly fixed the prices of the blood plasma derivatives immunoglobin and albumin for raising the prices of some of the particular therapies (247LawsuitNews, 2017). Its Outcome: The outcome of this scandal and unethical business practice was that a Blood Plasma Antitrust Suit was filed against the CSL. The company paid $64 million to resolve the issue and to escape from the consequences of this scandal. The organisation also ruined it brand image as well as there was huge criticism from the customers, Government, law regulating bodies, industry as well as the stakeholders (Broady, 2017). SWOT Analysis of CSL Following is the SWOT analysis of CSL which provides in-depth analysis of the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis will help the organisation in understanding its weak points where it needs to work, its strengths of which it can use to grow, the relevant opportunities to help in planning business expansion and the relative threats for making appropriate plans for contingencies and future moves. Strengths The industry of biotechnology is booming with a rapid rate across the globe and CSL is one of the most renowned and recognized brand in this industry and specifically in Australia. The Research and Development department of the company is highly efficient and have enough capacity to have continuous innovations in the operations of the business. Possessing a vigorous RD capacity offers numerous competitive advantages to the company (CSL, 2017). The operations of CSL are extended in the niche segments of genetics, anti-venom, vaccines, etc. this offer extensive market reach to the company and provide strength of extended customer base. There are some of the products which are the core strengths of the company such as cell culture reagents, anti-venom, vaccines and blood plasma derivatives. These products have a strong market share which offers great revenues to the company and strengthen its market share (Researchandmarkets, 2017). Weaknesses The biggest weakness of the company is the diseconomies to scale which is due to the improper management of the large workforce which results in increasing outputs and increasing marginal costs. There are several ethical issues in which the company has indulged. Because of all those issues, the brand image of CSL has been deteriorated and this is one of the weaknesses for its future sustainability and brand reliability. Three is required huge capital investments for the development of every new innovation or technology as a huge amount of research is to be conduct for the creation of the new products (CSL, 2016). Opportunities There are opportunities available for the company related to have increased awareness regarding the usage of enzymes, stem cells, etc. The company has an opportunity to expand its operations in these areas. There can also be done integration of the technologies i.e. to have integration of biotechnology with the nanotechnology and the innovative technologies present in the market. The integration of these technologies will result in development of next generation and pioneering medicines and other medical products. The company also has an opportunity of tying up with numerous big and large hospitals and encourage the use of its products and stem cells (CSL, 2017). Expansion in various other untapped overseas nations and also domestic regions. Threats The biggest threat to CSL is of the government laws and regulations which are extremely strict and restrict all kind of unethical work and production of the drugs or medicines. There is an essential requirement of skilled and competent labour who can handle the biotechnology realigned aspects and operations. The insufficient amount of labour restricts the effective business functioning (CSL Limited, 2017). There are several other biotech organizations who have already initiated the off shoring some if their business operations. One major example of this is the starting up of operations in China of the absolute volume of the medical chemistry contract work. Organisational culture or leadership style of CSL CSL has a strong and vigorous organisational culture which supports the business function and the mission and vision statement of the company. The organisational culture of CSL comprises of the five core values which guides the working of the company. The first core value is customer focus, the company is highly committed to its customers i.e. the patients which requirement medications. The company make efforts to offer the most required medicines to the individuals and improve their lives. To improve the customer focus, the company also conducts education al programmes, support and sponsor the patient programs and also invest high in medical research. The second core value is innovation; CSL invests a lot in its research and development, this result in development of innovative medicines, vaccines and other innovative biotherapies. The next core value is integrity; the company remains committed to the legacy of helping and providing services to the patients who are primarily depends upon the products of CSL for their lives. The company try to maintain high ethical standards in its operations. Another value of CSL is collaboration; the organisation collaborates with the home healthcare organisations, pharmacists, nurses, physicians, investigators, plasma donors and patient groups. There is collaboration with all these individuals for achieving improved results. The fifth and the last core value of CSL is superior performance; the company is highly performance-driven as well as customer-focused (CSL Behring, 2017). The organisation works in such an environment which encourages innovation and strives hard to serve the best possible products to the individuals. Paul Perreault, the CEO of CSL is one of the leaders of the company who have supported the success and growth of the organisation in numerous ways. From motivating the employees to planning the strategies, in every aspect, Paul has sustained the development of CSL. Paul has its major contribution in the improvement of the organisational culture by linking the core values with all the operational functions. Paul works and follows the patient-centric leadership where the needs of the patients are the key priority of the organisation and the individuals working for the organisation (CSL Behring, 2016). Paul always tries to maintain an organisational culture which supports the fulfilment of the patients requirements with utmost quality and high standards products and services References 247LawsuitNews, 2017. Plasma-Derivative Protein Therapies Antitrust Litigation. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.247lawsuitnews.com/multi-district-litigation/mdl.asp?case=Plasma-Derivative+Protein+Therapies+Antitrust+Litigationid=127 Ashley Hall, 2011. CSL to address drug manufacturing concerns. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-29/csl-to-address-drug-manufacturing-concerns/3041910?pfmredir=sm CSL Behring, 2017. CSL CEO Paul Perreault Focuses on Patient-Centric Leadership in Pharma. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/newsroom/Paul-Perrreault-Keynote-at-eyeforpharma-2016-on-Patient-Centric-Leadership?tabSelections=1255923338766currentPage=2 CSL Behring, 2017. Vision Values. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/about/csl-behring-vision-values.htm CSL Behring, 2017. Vision Values. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/about/csl-behring-vision-values.htm CSL Limited, 2017. Company Description. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://gmsnet.kr/kor/grobal_research/1.CSL-Limited.pdf CSL, 2015. CSL Annual Report 2014-15. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/ASX_CSL_2015.pdf CSL, 2016. CSL Annual Report 2015-2016. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/docs/527/647/CSL_AR16_Sec,0.pdf CSL, 2017. About CSL. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/about CSL, 2017. Innovation. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/corporate-responsibility/innovation.htm CSL, 2017. Investment in RD. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/research-development/investments.htm CSL, 2017. Our Centenary - Celebrating 100 years. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/centenary/CSL100.htm Gavin Broady, 2017. CSL To Pay $64M To Escape Blood Plasma Antitrust Suit. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.law360.com/articles/478472/csl-to-pay-64m-to-escape-blood-plasma-antitrust-suit Greenblat, E. 2010. CSL injects expansion plans into its strategy. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/csl-injects-expansion-plans-into-its-strategy-20100217-oe1t.html Researchandmarkets, 2017. CSL Limited (CSL) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1315558/csl_limited_csl_financial_and_strategic_swot.pdf Stetson, 2017. CSL 501 Evaluation and Assessment. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.stetson.edu/artsci/counselor/media/Courses.pdf

Microcredit Repayment in Malaysia free essay sample

To investigate whether gender of borrower influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 1 Ho: Gender of borrower does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Gender of borrower does influence microcredit repayment. 2. To investigate whether types of business activities influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 2 Ho: Types of business activities does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Types of business activities does influence microcredit repayment. 3. To investigate whether amount of loan influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 3 Ho: Amount of loan does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Amount of loan does influence microcredit repayment. 4. To investigate whether repayment period influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 4 Ho: Repayment period does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Repayment period does influenced microcredit repayment. This chapter is discussing about the research design, data collection method, research instrument, questionnaire design and sampling frame to meet the objectives of the study. In this study, descriptive research will be conduct to obtain the information needed. It will involve acquiring primary data, preparing questionnaires and sampling method as well as deciding on how the variables will be measure and being analyse. We will write a custom essay sample on Microcredit Repayment in Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This study will be conducted among the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Port Klang, Selangor. 3. 0Data Collection Method There are two ways in gathering data for the study. First is the primary data which is specially collected by the researcher and second is the secondary data or any information gathered from resources collected and published by others. . 0. 1Primary Data Primary data refer to information obtained first-hand by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study (Sekaran, 2010). Obtaining primary data can be expensive and time consuming as it requires researchers to observe and conduct an experiment on something to gather information about specific problems. It will take time in collecting data. (a)Questionnaire A set of questionnaire has been designed to obtain a quantitative primary data for this research. The purpose is to gauge the relevant information to achieve the research objectives besides to determining and evaluate the level of microcredit repayment among employees. The primary data will be collected from questionnaire that will distribute to the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Port Klang,Selangor. (b)Journal Researcher will also use journal as the primary data for data collection method in order to elicit the information regarding for the research. 3. 0. 2Secondary Data Secondary data that will be collected can be use and these data can be located quickly and cheaper in terms of cost. Secondary data could be collected through internal and external sources. Internal data are those generated within the organization while external sources of data in other hands are generated by sources outside the organization. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will obtain the external sources from books, library references, articles, website and others. These are some of useful information that will serves as the groundwork for theoretical framework and literature review. . Research Instrument Regarding Malhotra (2004), defined that questionnaire is a structured techniques for data collection consisting of a series of questions, written or verbal that respondent answers. In addition, it is called a schedule, written form, measuring instrument, or formalized set of questionnaires for obtaining information from respondents. The standardized questionnaire will ensure comparability of the data, increase speed and accuracy of recording, and facilitating data processing. It needs to capture primary data is questionnaire. Questionnaire is a formalized instrument for asking information, directly from the respondent. It is designed to facilitate data gathering, which is directly related to the study. Questionnaires will be distributed directly to the respondents for them to answer. The questionnaires for this research consist of two sections. The first section will consist of questions related to profile of the respondents and the second section will consist of question regarding of loans. The format used for the questionnaire will be structured in rating scale which is liker scale and multiple choices. The liker scale is (1) = strong disagree, (2) = disagree, (3) = average, (4) = agree and (5) = strongly agree are used. The questionnaires will be distributed randomly to the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Port Klang, Selangor. 5. 0Questionnaire Design In this research, in order to get information from respondents, the researcher will choose the structured questions. 5. 0. 1Structured Questions Structured question specify the set of response alternative and the response format that could be multiple choices and scale. The structured question was the most frequently used in the marketing research. i)Multiple Choices The researcher provides choices of answers and respondents will be asked to select one or more of the alternatives given that mostly closely match their own response. For this study, the researcher will use this kind of question for respondent profile at section A. ii)Scale For this study, the Liker Scale questionnaire will be use widely where requires the respondents indicate strongly disagree or strongly agree with each of series of statement about the Microcredit Repayment. What is the level of microcredit repayment among employees? 2. Does gender of borrower will influence microcredit repayment? 3. Does a type of business activities will influence microcredit repayment? 4. Does amount of loan will influence microcredit repayment? 5. Does repayment period will influence microcredit repayment? 7. 0Sampling 7. 0. 1Sampling Design Based on Malhotra (2004), a sample is a subgroup of the population selected for participant in the study. Population is aggregate of all the elements that share some common set of characteristics and that comprise the universe for the purpose of the marketing research problem. According to the Zikmund (2003), the simple size can be 30 units and more, whereas Sekaran (2003) has mentioned between 30 units to 500 units, so only 100 respondents were selected and accepted for this study. The sampling design process includes five steps that are sequentially in the figure 2. 0 below. Figure 2. 0: The sampling design process 1)Defining target Population The first step of the sampling design will be specifying the target population. The target population means the collection of elements or subjects that possess the information sought by researcher and about which inference are to be made (Malhotra, 2004). According to Sekaran, (2003), population refers to the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. For the purpose of this study, the population will consist of employees at Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor 2)Determining sampling Frame A sampling frame is a representation of the elements of the target population that consist of a list or set of direction for identifying the target population. However, as for the sampling frame, this study has narrow down the elements of the target population to those employees within a few divisions or units at Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor. The rationale is because the researcher will be only target to collect 50 respondents for this study. 3)Determine the Sample Size Sample size refers to the number of elements to be included in the study. Regarding to this study, the sampling size were decided around 50 respondents only due to the time and money constraints. The targeted respondents will comprise the employees of divisions and units at Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Selangor. 4)Execute the Sampling Process In execute the sampling process, once the target population, sampling frame, sampling technique and sampling size has been determined, allocation of the sample will be quite easy to execute.

Appalachia Music and the Coal Mines essays

Appalachia Music and the Coal Mines essays Appalachia music is not appreciated or respected in todays cultural society like it should be. Many people around the world listen to new forms of the Appalachian music not knowing where or how it was developed. It is the focus of this paper to explain Appalachia music in detail along with a small background on coal mining in the region. The paper also will focuses on singers that wrote protest songs about coal mining, that were featured appeared in the documentary Harlan County, USA. The object for the readers is to gain information about Appalachia music and to appreciate how current music roots were developed. Music holds an extraordinary status in the Appalachia culture. No other folk art is quite as pervasive nor serves such important social function as music. Music is a universal activity of daily life. It is indeed true that you do not meet many people in the mountains who cannot saw a fiddle or twang a banjo. (Rosenberg 46) This homemade music can be best characterized as vernacular tradition-a mixture of religious, dance, popular, and folk music. (Rosenberg 19) The first instrument many people think of when talking about mountain folk music is the banjo. While its usage today is almost entirely by white musicians, the banjo is actually of African origins. The banjo was a favorite instrument of black minstrels that traveled throughout the region. By the middle of the 19th century, whites had become fascinated with the banjo and soon began adopting it themselves. During the 1900s the majority of African-Americans left their banjo tradition behind in favor of inexpensive guitars and the new blues genre. (Conway 285-295) The banjo is a unique instrument to classify because it has combination of elements. The top of the banjo actually is a drumhead that provides a percussive sound each time a string is strummed or plucked. There are five strings on the banjo tuned by intervals rather than exact pitches. T...

The internationalization strategies and activities of Bentley in China Dissertation

The internationalization strategies and activities of Bentley in China - Dissertation Example COMMENDATIONS 35 7.1 Revisiting Hypotheses 35 7.2 Recommendations 36 References 38 1. INTRODUCTION International business concerns with the transactions (service to foreign markets) that take place across the national borders, they usually involve more than one country (Punnett 2011). International business differs from domestic business because in international business there are variations in commercial environment and requirements (Punnett 2011). International business is much more complex to manage and involves money conversion. Working in international markets must be done within the limitations imposed by international trade and investment system. There are more risks involved in international business as well such as political risk, cross-cultural risk, exchange rate risk and commercial risk (Hendrix 1991). Despite these risks, firms go global because they get access to wider markets for their products, they can realize economies of scale and/or scope, and they can benefit fro m experiential learning (Hiriyappa 2013). An understanding of globalization is also necessary when studying international business (Khanna, Palepu &Sinha 2005). Globalization is a greater integrated and interdependent world economy that has resulted in greater integration of goods market, production and supply and labor and capital market (Mrak 2000). Although the purpose of globalization was to improve the economy of the world and to remove trade barriers (Trade in a Globalizing World, 2008), globalization today has emerged as a big challenge for businesses. It has become relatively difficult to identify the internationalization strategies and choose the countries to conduct business with (Hill 2005). It has been observed that most multinational firms follow the traditional internationalization strategies and thus struggle to make their presence felt in the host country. It has also been observed that multinational firms find it easier to invest in developed countries rather than e merging economies. Firms find choosing the correct internationalization tool and the appropriate mode of entry particularly difficult when entering an emerging market (Palepu, n.d.). 1.1 Research Purpose, Aims and Objectives The main aim of this research study is to explore the process of internationalization in the context of an emerging economy. China is selected for this study and internalization strategies and activities of Bentley has been explored. The study aims to explore in detail the theories of internalization and then apply it on the case of Bentley that how Bentley has managed to excel in China so well in the face of competition and globalization. The study

ART-opinion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART-opinion paper - Essay Example The visit to the art gallery was a memorable one, since one could devote sufficient time to browsing and discussing unique aspects about the art pieces with the helpful attendant on duty at that time. Also, since the visit was during afternoon hours, there were few visitors around, and a leisurely viewing was possible. The glass-fronted facade of the gallery permits an exciting view into the interiors, which are well lit with the help of numerous focus lights from the dark ceiling. Inside the gallery, the interiors are designed for displaying art pieces at their best. Backgrounds in pastel shades such as peach walls and surfaces, and sky-blue stands hold Western contemporary and abstract paintings, graphite and pastel drawings, sculptures, photography, raku pottery, bowls, designer jewellery and blown glass art pieces, each unique and distinctive. The eclectic collection of art in several mediums and genres from various sources, artists and craftsmen, is representative of some of the best in creativity from the western world. All the artists associated with the art gallery are local and regional Denver artists who are highly talented, some of whom have been nationally and internationally recognized for their artistic abilities. These original art works are infused with the energy, knowledge and sp irit of the artists whose creative skills are captured as a moment in time. Artists develop their distinctive style or technique over several years of formal and informal training while progressively mastering their craft. The paintings of wild animals in their natural habitats such as a doe and her young fawn, those of nature, country scenes and extraordinary sky-scapes compete for space with urban life depicted through towering sky-scrapers and buildings. All the art works are worthy of gracing any distinguished home, office or other space. The intrinsic value of fine art increases progressively and is a good

Multinational Corporate Case Study On Nestle Marketing Essay

Multinational Corporate Case Study On Nestle Marketing Essay According to Stuart Wall, Sonal Minocha and Bronwen Rees (2010), MNC (Multinational corporate) is a company that has headquarters in one country but has operations in other country. MNC had defined by Dunning (1993) MNC are engages in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and owns or controls value-adding activities in more than one country. Typically the multinational would not just own value-adding activities, but might buy resources and create goods or services in a variety of countries. Multinational Corporate in 2007 an estimated 79000 multinational corporate, collectively controlled a total of around 800000 foreign affiliates, employed almost 82million people worldwide and accounted for sales revenue of over $31 trillion, some 11% of world GDP. . (Stuart Wall;SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees. 2010. pg. 31). Research (Global Education, 2009) has shown that globalization have many meanings and definitions, but mostly known as the greater movement of people, goods, capital and ideas affected by the increments of the economic integration which in turn is propelled by the increasing trades and investments. It is like moving towards living in a borderless world. There has always been a sharing of goods, services, knowledge and cultures between people and countries. In recent years, the improvement of technologies and a reduction of barriers mean the speed of exchange is much faster. Globalization provides lots of different types of opportunities and challenges (Global Education, 2009). Why Nestle is Multinational Corporate? Nestle is a multinational corporate since the headquarter is located in Switzerland but operates businesses in the many other countries over the world such as Europe, United State, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong etc. As we know, Nestle is an infants product. Besides producing infants, Nestle has also produces some other products such as chocolate, yogurt drink, cornflakes, ice-cream etc which can easily found in supermarkets all over the world. Introduction to Nestle In 1860s, a pharmacist named Henri Nestle had succeeded developed a food for babies whom are unable to breastfeed. And his first success was to be able to feed a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. (Nestle, 2010) In 1867, he adopted his own coat of arms as a trademark in 1867. In German Nestle means little nest. The Nestle symbol is universally understood to carry the meaning of nurturing and caring, security, nourishment and family bonding. These attributes are still the guiding legacy for the company Henri Nestlà © founded which fulfills the commitment to Good Food, Good Life. The Nestlà © Coat-of-Arms Sources: Nestle Sdn Bhd 2010 In 1905 Nestlà © work together with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, the year after Nestlà © added chocolate to its line of foods. The newly formed Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company had factories in the Spain, Germany, United States and Britain. Soon, the company had full-scale manufacturing in Australia with warehouses in Hong Kong, Singapore and Bombay. Most production still took place in Europe. (English Tea Store, 2004-2009) At first, Nestle business was mainly based on milk and dietetic foods for children. Then, Nestlà © grew and diversified its range of products, through acquisitions and mergers with the already famous brands of that time. For example, the manufacturing of LACTOGEN began in 1921, and in the same year, a beverage containing wheat flour was marketed under the brand name MILO. In 1938, NESCAFÉ was introduced to the as the first instant coffee. Then, in 1947, Nestlà © merged with the MAGGI Company. Currently, Nestle is still having their principles, which to provide the best products throughout the world. As the leading Food, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company, Nestlà © provides the best food for anytime of day and for anytime of your life. Nestlà © has grown to become the worlds largest food company which offers more than 8500 brands and 10000 products throughout the whole world. With its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, Nestlà © has more than 456 factories in more than 80 countries and having more than 283,000 employers. (Nestle Products Sdn Bhd , 2010) Actual impact of globalization on Nestle PESTLE analysis which contains of political, economic, social, technology, legal and environment analysis which consist of external environmental. It is a useful analysis to understanding the situation of a company in an industry. Political analysis The stability of political in a country will be under the consideration by NESTLE to build a plant that can operates NESTLEs factories that considering the countrys political stability, good tax incentives as well as its skilled workforce, NESTLE chose Malaysia to be the site of another regional manufacturing centre for NESCAFE (Mr. Josà © Lopez, Executive Vice President, Nestle S.A. responsible for global operations and GLOBE (Nestlà ©s Global Business Excellence Programmer)). Economic Analysis The important of economic factors will leads to the strength of consumer spending. For example, in recession economy, people might cut of their budget to consume household stuff rather than unnecessary stuff such as chocolate. Americans likes luxury chocolates, a new premium line of cacao which is called Nestle Treasures God had launched in order to cash in on the recession. Social Analysis Even though Nestle as a multinational corporate which operates their business in the other country, but do respect to peoples culture and traditional which is a corporate that think global, act local by working hard to integrate itself into the cultures and traditions of the country. For example, Kit-Kats formula is almost different everywhere. A Russian Kit-Kat is smaller than a Bulgarian, but less sweet than Germanys Kit-Kat. While in Japan, the strawberry Kit-Kat is all the rage. Technology Analysis As the technology of recently changed rapidly in global, Nestle have attracted people to purchasing their products by using advertising. For example, Kit-Kat have been advertised by attracting youngster or child because it is a sweeten tid-bits. Infants foods advertisement is to attracted housewife to purchase it to given their child a healthy life. Recent research on technology analysis (Nestle Policy and Environmental sustainable) (2008) reports shown that during the manufacturing process, Nestle had using efficient technologies to ensure that there is no wasted energy while producing products. In addition, to control the eliminate emission including the greenhouse gases. Legal Analysis In 1996, Nestle was the first multinational corporate that voluntary for Halal certification for its own food products. Those food products that exported to the other countries were certified as Halal products. As a global food company like Nestle, hygiene is a must. Since Nestle has the Halal certification and hygiene was the procedure which contain in that certificate. Besides that, health and safety were the principle that keeps by Nestle. While provided employees to minimize risks in their personal lives, Nestle had always emphasize each of their employees about to change the employees attitudes towards personal safety. Environmental Analysis Nestle always committed to people to produce the best quality to their consumers. Besides that, Nestle also prevented the wasted food by reduced the materials weight and volume, yet supported initiatives of recycle from used packaging. Nestle have also use recycled materials to produce its products. But, Nestle had done a fact that will cause of the lost of the home for orangutan. According to Heidi Marshall (2010), Nestles product-Kit Kat is a product of environmental destruction. This is because of the material that used in the candy bars and for the other Nestle products as well was comes from a palm oil that get from by destroying Indonesia rainforests. The strategy that used by Nestle to actual impact of globalization are included: Market Penetration Strategy Market penetration strategy is which to refer to increase market share of the current products. A firm using this method by raises their sale revenue without any changing of their existing products. Nestle may try to use the promotion which is buy 1 free 1 for its products. For example, buy 2 packs of 1kg Milo free a 10 pack of instant Nescafe. A market penetration will also involve the 4ps which is products, price, promotion and place. According to (Stuart Wall; SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees, 2010), the product in international marketing is the extent to which a standard and differentiated product should be provided. For example, Nestle is using the differentiated products since it produce its products Kit-Kat in different flavor. A Russian Kit-Kat is smaller than a Bulgarian, but less sweet than Germanys Kit-Kat. While in Japan, the strawberry Kit-Kat is all the rage. The international price is related to the account market different between countries, exchange rates, difficulties of voicing and collecting payment across borders, the effects of tariffs and purchase taxes on competitiveness, governmental regulations of the host country and the long term strategic plan of the company in the different markets in which it operates. For the promotion, it is often expressed to attracted people to consume their products and yet to capture a new consumer to purchasing their products. Nestle is always advertise their products thru media ways. To make sure that people know their products yet to pursuing people to make a purchase on their products. For example, Nestle advertise its products thru the television advertisement. This can make sure that children will attracted by its advertisement while it advertise. A place or distribution it is difficult to control from outside the overseas country itself. A company will solve this problem by its own subsidiary. In addition, if the products are being imported, a multinational company will recruit a local agent to ensure that there is safety, cheapest and quickest way is using. For example, Nestle might recruit a people that located outside of overseas of it country to solve the problem such as a warehouses, the selling markets and etc. SWOT Analysis of Nestle As Dr. Jill Novak, (2009) commented that: Strength Nestle is a global food producer since it located in over 100 countries. It is consistently one of the worlds largest producers which with global sales in 2008 topped $101 billion. In addition, Nestle was named one of Americas Most Admired Food Companies in Fortune magazine. Furthermore, Nestle provides quality brands and products and line extensions that are well-known, top-selling brands including: Maggi, Haagen Dazs, Kit Kat, Nescafe, CoffeeMate, prepared baby foods, yogurt, foods for infants and many more. Weakness Most of the products have their own weaknesses. For Nestle, it was not as successful as the other country in France. Nestle could not compete against a strong and established brand which is Dannon that entered into France earlier than Nestle which is top selling of health yogurt. Besides that, since 2004, Nestle has been forced to reduce the amount of sugar in their products that may cause of diabetes among American children. In addition, Nestle has been removed the packaging and advertising that false claims of heart healthy and lower cholesterol which is an order from FDA(Food and Drug Administration) and American Medical Association which is the under fire of the breakfast cereal industry. Opportunities In today, everyone hope and needs to have a healthy life, as a producer like Nestle, it has an opportunities to raise their selling profits with producing health-based products. Since Nestle was a well-known branded, for sure, it will be easy to attract people to purchase their products. Further, they launched a new premium line of cacao called Nestle Treasures Gold, in order to cash in on the recession economy in which consumers cut back on luxury goods, but regularly indulge in candy and chocolate. Americans want luxury chocolates, and high-end chocolate is immune to the recession (so far), because it is an inexpensive indulgence. Threats Even though Nestle was a big producer in the world, but it still has its competitor, such as Hersheys, Cadbury-Schweppes (owned by Pepsi), Kelloggs, Starbucks, , Quaker, Kraft Foods, Danone, , Heinz, Unilevel and many more. Furthermore, any contamination foods supply especially e.coli which causes the recalled of their brand-Toll House cookie dough. Outbreaks were linked to 28 states and the product had to be recalled globally. Nestlà © has yet to find out how this happened, and is still investigating (Dr. Jill Novak, (2009). Potential impacts of globalization on Nestle Nestle corporate have its own potential in globalization since it is a big foods producer in global. Technology In the world of today, technology will be changing rapidly in global. And this will leads a good improvement in all type of products that will be produce around the world. A research and development department will be a part of Nestle from today towards future achievement by gaining profits without wasting the raw material in manufacturing process. Besides that, by using a developed technology may reduce the effects that will occurs greenhouse effect. For example, use of plastics packaging in every single of Nestle products improve to recycled paper packaging, used of plastic bottle in filling the Nestle beverage into tin that can recycle use. On the others side, a case that occurs in India, which is Nestle chocolate, will be melted before its eyes. This is because there are lacks of distribution and the heat temperature in India will make the chocolate melted. By using the technology that can solve this problem that is using the technology to change its chocolate ingredients so that can afford India heat temperature. Environmental As the info below, Nestles Kit Kats was made from a palm oil that came from by destroying the rainforest in Indonesia. This is cause of the pollution in Indonesia. To solve this problem, Nestle corporate should consider using the palm oil from the other countries by not destroying the rainforest of the country. On the other side, there is another solution too. That is, refining the vegetables oil that can out inside the ingredient of making chocolate. Social As a food producer in global, Nestle may do some different in their products. Such as, a new flavor of the chocolate could be launch. This is because different country has a different taste towards foods. For Malaysia, a durian can be a part of the ingredient in the making of Kit-Kat. For Korea, a Kim chi flavor Kit-Kat can also create. This is a try for Nestle to attract people by producing different flavor but same products around the world. The strategy that might use by Nestle in the potential impacts on globalization is: Diversification strategy According to Stuart Wall;SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees diversification strategy involve the company branching out into both new products and new markets. For example, from the info that I mention below, Nestle might create a different flavor of Kit-Kat to attracted new customer. For Malaysia, Nestle may create a durian flavor Kit-Kat to attracted those customer who are not chocolate lover but is a durian lover to purchase this products. Conclusion On the day Nestle was introduced, it was only food for infants. As time goes, Nestle has grown to be more famous in brand name and focus in widen its product line. Today, Nestle is one of the most famous and successful foods and drinks producer. Furthermore, Nestle had expands to globalization which consist of factories around the world. Besides that, Nestle will always try counter threats and competitor, such as the current products or new product entrants. Therefore, Nestle still has the potential to grow more and continue to be the one of the leader in the market share.

Employing Internet and Networking in the 21st Century Classroom Essay

â€Å"The Internet can bring the virtual world into the walls of the classroom, thus exponentially increasing the knowledge base available for practical use in teaching and learning (Kumari, 1998, p. 365). The use of the internet and online collaboration are skills that are important to employment opportunities and for â€Å"quality of life† (McManus, 2000). Regardless of the individual student’s future profession, the 21st century job market requires the ability to apply internet, collaborative, and networking skills. According to Barbara McManus, in her article â€Å"Creative Teaching with Internet Technology†, internet skills are best learned when applied across a varied curriculum, including â€Å"reading, writing, or mathematics† (2000). Teaching Tool The internet can be applied to the curriculum in many ways, including research, publishing, and virtual interactions. Although the internet is not always the most appropriate teaching tool, in many scenarios it can supplement and enhance a standard lesson (Educational Broadcasting Corporation). Research, publishing, and virtual interactions via the internet can provide authentic, real-world learning experiences for learners. Researching essays, papers, and projects via the internet allows students to utilize a plethora of different viewpoints, primary source documents, and â€Å"conduct original research† to apply to a topic (McManus, 2000). According to Dr. Siva Kumari (1998), the internet has quickly changed the way students and teachers interact with texts and research. The Educational Broadcasting Corporation asserts that the Internet allows students and teachers access to resources for research beyond the traditional classroom setting and decreases the amount of time spent doing said researc... ...ithin a collaborative blog teaches students how to work professionally and respectfully in a group environment – an essential employability skill. Using Facebook as a means of networking has become more popular throughout the Middle East as revolutions spring up across the region. The ability to contact those outside of one’s inner circle through social networking is a skill that is not lost on this Facebook generation. â€Å"Internet technology must be thoroughly integrated into the structure of [a] course (content, learning goals, assessment); the best assignments bring the fruits of internet use into the classroom.† (McManus, 2000). It is imperative that 21st century teachers prepare 21st century learners for the 21st century workforce. This means that teachers must utilize all innovation and technological advances available to them, particularly via the internet.

The Impact Of Cooperative Listening Materials Adaptation Education Essay

Abstraction Listening comprehension has gained more prominence in EFL/ESL categories. Due to this prominence, bookmans have tried to cast visible radiation on different ways of bettering scholars ‘ listening comprehension. One of these ways is utilizing listening schemes. There is still a contention over the effectual function of these schemes in bettering listening comprehension. Therefore, the proposed schemes have ever been reviewed and reformed. Adopting either scheme, the class shall be rather uneffective if it fails to increase scholars ‘ engagement in the class. The intent of this survey was to look into whether or non peer-cooperative self-access stuffs version has any consequence on scholars ‘ engagement and engagement in listening categories. In add-on, the present survey tried to examine any possible alterations in pupils ‘ attitude toward listening as a consequence of the intervention. In order to carry through the intent of the survey, 90 Persian pupils who w ere analyzing at Islamic Azad University, an independent university, were selected based on their obtained tonss in a linguistic communication proficiency trial ( TOEFL ) . They were indiscriminately assigned to one control and two experimental groups. Then they undertook a 17-session intervention. With a quasi-experimental pretest posttest design, it became apparent that holding pupils adapt listening stuffs improved listening comprehension public presentation. And besides a positive alteration occurred in pupils ‘ overall attitude toward listening. Keywords: Material version, Self-Access stuff, Listening Comprehension, Cooperative version Introduction Not until decreasing prominence of Latin ( Richard & A ; Rodgers, 2001 ) , listening was paid much attending. Stressing the of import function of listening, research workers argue that larning shall be enhanced through understanding the intended significance. It is done through processing and comprehending the characteristics of the linguistic communication and/or transforming informations into information ( Alalou & A ; Chamberlain, 1999 ; Finocchiaro & A ; Bonomo, 1973 ; Horton, 2000 ; Molina, 1997 ) .Thus it would be advisable to see listening as an incorporate portion of linguistic communication categories because developing different modes of accomplishments like listening provides scholars with rich linguistic communication acquisition experiences. Otherwise, low listening proficiency may deter scholars to actively take part in unwritten treatments ( Hayati & A ; jalilfar, 2009 ) . On the other manus, such experiences help scholars successfully monitor their ain acquisition ( R ichards, 2008 ) . In other words, scholars will use the acquisition schemes including meta-cognitive, cognitive and socio-effective 1s to supervise their acquisition procedure ( Shirini Bidabadi & A ; Yamat, 2011 ) . Furthermore, â€Å" See [ ing ] linguistic communication in-use † motivates scholars through doing the linguistic communication larning puting more interesting ( Harmer, 2001. p. 282 ) . Yet it is instead hard to promote scholars to affect themselves in listening procedure as the consequence of either medium or context ( McDonough and Shaw, 1997 ) . One possible solution is to better scholars ‘ attitude through acquiring them familiar with the procedure involved ( Taylor, 1981 ) . Such consciousness enables scholars to use what they have learnt to better their linguistic communication skills non merely during but besides after the class. This can be achieved merely through guaranting that instructional content being developed best suits the pupils ‘ demands and co-ordinates foreign linguistic communication direction on a campus-wide footing ( Branch, 1998 ; Chaput, 1993 ; McApline, 1998 ) . Materials development is a cyclic procedure that ne'er ends. In a sense, in no phase of this procedure, one would be certain of the rightness of the included stuffs for a peculiar group of scholars in a peculiar scene. So, the stuffs should ever be revised when it is traveling to be used in different scenes. Tomlinson ( 2005 ) argues that most EFL stuffs are written by well-qualified native-speaker instructors who experienced merely little categories with motivated scholars. Yet most users of these stuffs experience EFL in big category of unmotivated scholars. In a nutshell, the context is wholly different. To work out this job, Nunan ( 1993 ) believes non until we expand pupils ‘ and instructors ‘ apprehension of the procedures involved in linguistic communication acquisition, we can non develop appropriate classs. Such understanding brings about consistence among the undermentioned variables: context ( national, regional aˆÂ ¦ ) scholars ( age, linguistic communication degree aˆÂ ¦ ) instructors ( personality, learning manners aˆÂ ¦ ) stuffs ( text, undertakings aˆÂ ¦ ) intent and aims ( class course of study aˆÂ ¦ ) ( Masuhara, 2004. pp. 1-3 ) Problem statement About 50 to 70 per centum of the category clip is spent on hearing ; nevertheless, it is done inefficaciously ( Jalongo, 1991 ; Smith, 1992 ) . Hence instructors ‘ ailment about the deficiency of instructional stuffs on hearing is n't uncommon ( Swanson, 1997 ) . They have been discoursing the lack of some listening stuffs available to the instructors and pupils ( Fujiwara, 1996 ; Rost, 2001 ) . The job is non merely with the importance of learning the hearing accomplishment, but it is with the activities, processs and stuffs adopted to near it. In appropriate listening stuff, as reported by Yasin Sharif and Ferdous ( 2012 ) , leads to listening comprehension anxiousness. Empirically, carry oning such a survey might add to our apprehension of the procedure of listening comprehension. The consequences of such a survey might be of value both to instructors, course of study interior decorators and even pupils. Merely that manner they can assist scholars be equipped with listening accomplishment, and accordingly heighten their acquisition via hearing ( Molina, 1997 ) . Making so, it is apparently required to look into the sorts of Schemes and techniques curriculum interior decorators and stuff developers can utilize to assist scholars better their hearing comprehension. Since larning stuff is the nucleus beginning in any language-teaching/learning plan ( Richards, 2010 ) , sing these schemes and techniques while planing, they assert, will guarantee us that the designed hearing stuffs appeal to scholars ‘ personal involvement ( Brown, 2001 ; Nunan, 1997 ) . It will prolong attending and positive emotion. cooperatively-adapted ( instructor and pupils ) stuffs non merely enjoys high face cogency but consequences besides in consistence in assemblage of divergent sentiments at times convenient to participants ; meetings dominated by content non personality ; attachment to a structured docket without loss of those thoughts after the session ends ( Helten & A ; Nye, 2005 ) Therefore such coaction in stuffs version ensures the success of the plan. Yet the impression of including the most appropriate stuffs to run into the lesson aims, class and leaners ‘ demands is comparatively new to the research literature ( Tomlinson, 2001 ) . Bearing it in head, research workers have conducted a figure of surveies on class design, stuffs development and scheme preparation. They hoped they could assist scholars go independent. Research Questions In the present survey, listening as a macro-skill as stated by Nunan ( 1993 ) and material version ( an of import phase of course of study development ) are selected as the starting point. Thus material version is intended to pull the pupils ‘ attending and affect them into the learning plan. Based upon such an premise, the present survey was developed to look into whether peer self-access stuff version has any consequence on listening comprehension, and whether or non this would alter the pupils ‘ attitude toward listening comprehension. In order to give way to the survey, the undermentioned inquiries were formulated: Does peer concerted self-access hearing stuffs adaptation have any consequence on genre-based hearing comprehension ( films and intelligence ) of Persian EFL scholars? Does peer concerted self-access hearing stuffs adaptation have any consequence on Persian EFL scholars ‘ perceptual experience of listening comprehension acquisition? These directing inquiries are seeking to touch the facet of a receptive accomplishment which harmonizing to Carkin ( 2005 ) â€Å" lacks the strong background of†¦ literate accomplishments † ( p. 114 ) . Such a instead weak background stems from the fact few surveies have been carried out on stuffs development in general and listening stuffs version inparticular ( Bhatia, 1994 ; Brown, 2001 ; Fujiwara, 1996 ; Rashidi & A ; Safari, 2011 ; Tomlinson, 2001 ) . Literature Review Uvin ( 1996 ) , in an effort that led to the development of an ESOL class for Chinese health-care workers, asserts that scholars and clients should be actively involved in all phases of class and stuff development. Doing so would ease the scholars ‘ engagement. To trip scholars ‘ engagement, he used two attacks. Problem-posing: here, a state of affairs was described and scholars were supposed to respond by â€Å" treatment, planning, action and feedback † ( p. 49 ) . The other attack was experimental acquisition in which scholars ‘ day-to-day experience was used. These attacks, he argues, helped scholars achieve competences ( sense of ownership, motive and self-pride ) . In add-on, category activities became more compatible with preferable acquisition activities. Materials, he continues, were extremely relevant because they were all generated by the scholars. Pinheiro ( 1996 ) , in a survey on planing a authorship constituent, regarded the scholars ‘ background. Therefore, she provides the scholars with in-class and out-of-class ranked activities. Having conducted the survey, she argues that such a procedure may increase scholars ‘ interaction or coaction. Sing listening some surveies have been done excessively. Fujiwara ( 1996 ) , seeking to promote the scholars to be more active in the hearing category and better their attitude, involved scholars in the procedure of stuffs version. She designed listening diary prep. At the terminal, she, in a study, found that the scholars ‘ attitude toward listening had become more positive and their comprehension had greatly improved. All the above surveies have been carried out to ease comprehension public presentation. However, scholars ‘ demands should non lose sight of. In different state of affairss the scholars ‘ demands differ from one another. To guarantee that these demands will decidedly be met those who undertake listening stuff development demand to acquire familiar with the scholars at least through a distributed questionnaire. Roll uping such informations that manner increases the possibility of run intoing such demands. 2. Methodology 2.1 Participants The survey can be categorized as the quasi-experimental pretest posttest control group design. The field work was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Qom where 90 participants ( both females and males ) were selected based upon their tonss on the TOEFL Test ( 2008 ) . The trial was given to 120 pupils, and from among those who clustered around the entire mean, 90 pupils were selected. 60 pupils were assigned to the experimental group, which included two subgroups with 30 pupils each, the staying 30 pupils were assigned to the control group. Ages of participants ranged from 20 to 26. They were all senior pupils analyzing at their 6th term. They enrolled in a two-credit class on either â€Å" Oral interlingual rendition II † or â€Å" Movie interlingual rendition. † In this survey, peer concerted stuff version and genre-based hearing ( intelligence and films ) were considered as independent variables ; while, scholars ‘ listening comprehension public presentation and pupils ‘ attitudes toward listening as the dependent variables. 2.2 Instruments The instruments used in this survey include a standardised TOEFL trial ( adopted from Barron TOEFL 2008 ) , a standardised hearing trial ( TOEFL ) used as the â€Å" pretest † and â€Å" posttest † and a questionnaire. In add-on to the major instruments, a instructor ‘s usher and informal observation were besides used to command some of the variables, which were supposed to act upon cogency of the survey. Teacher ‘s usher, the 2nd instrument, was one of the steps taken to guarantee instructors were following the same processs for comparison intents. As non to pique experient instructors or overload instructors ‘ heads with inside informations, instructors guide points were formulated as suggestions and efforts were made non to travel into inside informations of the stairss in different stages of each lesson. The other step taken to guarantee consistence in managing the intervention was informal observation. The research worker himself attended the categories without anterior notice. The intent was to see if the instructors adhered to the instructors ‘ usher provided by the research worker. Then, for the pretest, a TOEFL trial was administered. Siting it, the pupils were required to reply 122 multiple-choice points consisting listening subdivision with 50 points, usage of English with 26 points and reading comprehension with 46 points.This trial was used to measure both linguistic communication and listening proficiency degree of the scholars. Posttest was the following instrument used to mensurate the topics ‘ accomplishment after the intervention. In order to examine whether or non there is any alteration in the listening public presentation of the scholars, a standardised hearing trial was used. The listening portion of the TOEFL trial, which was used as the pretest and comprised 50 points was once more administered to all three groups. The questionnaire was the last instrument used in the present survey. The questionnaire was organized into three parts. The first portion aims at arousing the demographic information ; full name ( optional ) , major, and the participants ‘ survey semester. The 2nd portion included 20 points. The intent was to analyze the attitude of the respondents towards listening. In this subdivision pupils ‘ replies were mapped on a five-level Liker Scale ( 1 bespeaking â€Å" strongly hold † and 5 â€Å" strongly differ † ) . Finally, in the 3rd subdivision, the respondents ‘ remarks were elicited through an open-ended inquiry. The whole points in the questionnaire were categorized into two parts. The firs portion measures pupils ‘ positive attitudes ; while the 2nd portion negative 1s. To guarantee the lucidity and understandability of the points included for the participants, the questionnaire was constructed in patricipants ‘ L1. 2.3 Data Analysis In order to analyze the psychometries of the questionnaire utilized in this survey, a pilot survey was carried out. To gauge its cogency and dependability of the points included, the feedback of three PhD holders in TEFL was collected sing the suitableness ( relevancy ) and lucidity of the points included. They were supposed to rate the points in 1-5 evaluation graduated table on two feedback signifiers ( one for suitableness and the other for lucidity ) . As table 1 and 2 indicate, the critical value of â€Å" R † at 22 grades of freedom is.43. Since all the computed â€Å" R † are higher than.43, it shows a high grade of understanding among the raters on the relevancy and lucidity of each point in the questionnaire at the important degree of 0.01 ( 2-tailed ) . Table 1. Spearman Inter-Rater Correlation Co-efficient ( Relevance ) Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Rater 1 Pearson Correlation 1 .749 ( ** ) .678 ( ** ) Rater 2 Pearson Correlation .749 ( ** ) 1 .694 ( ** ) Rater 3 Pearson Correlation .678 ( ** ) .694 ( ** ) 1 Table 2. Spearman Inter-Rater Correlation Co-efficient ( Clarity ) Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 3 Rater 1 Pearson Correlation 1.000 .806 ( ** ) .693 ( ** ) Rater 2 Pearson Correlation .806 ( ** ) 1.000 .626 ( ** ) Rater 3 Pearson Correlation .693 ( ** ) .626 ( ** ) 1.000 Alternatively, an effort was made to prove out the dependability of the questionnaire. In so making, the questionnaire was administrated to 23 EFL pupils ( 15 females and 8 males ) . The informations obtained were fed into the SPSS package to run Cornbach alpha. The consequences showed that the questionnaire was dependable ( I ¬=0.74 ) . Procedure In order to transport out the present survey, the undermentioned stairss were followed. First, the TOEFL trial was administrated in the first session of the term to function a double intent. It was traveling to mensurate the general linguistic communication and listening proficiency degree of the pupils to guarantee that all topics are approximately at the same degree of proficiency. Having done it, the homogeneousness of the groups was assured. In instance of the homogeneousness of the topics, the trial aimed at choosing 90 topics in the available categories. The 90 topics were selected from among those whose tonss fell one criterion divergence above and below the mean. The chosen topics were so, indiscriminately, assigned to two experimental groups and one control one. The listening portion of the TOEFL trial was besides used as the pretest. Then the listening portion used as pretest was once more administrated as the posttest. The intent was to analyze the alterations that might hold occurred in the listening ability of the pupils. Next, the questionnaire was administered to look into the scholars ‘ perceptual experiences toward listening. Therefore an attitude questionnaire was used both at the beginning and terminal of the survey. The experimental groups received the intervention, which consisted of assignments for learning listening comprehension. The assignments were different from what were the normal instruction processs used with control group. The control group was fundamentally exposed to listening audio plans, which were played and replayed for comprehension intents followed by activities focused on linguistic communication of the texts used for listening. The experimental groups were exposed to listening stuffs that are intelligence and films. The stuffs were selected by the pupils themselves. The activities were designed based on theoretical accounts proposed by Brown ( 2001, see Pp. 260- 264 ) . Following the 17-session intervention, the attitude questionnaire was given to the groups to find any alterations or deficiency of alterations in their attitudes. Attempts were made over the intervention period to hold instead the same status in all these categories. One manner to run into such a standard was to inquire the instructors to carry through the undertakings in conformity with cheque list provided to them. In order to look into whether the same processs were used toward the instruction stuffs and whether the categories were held harmonizing to the checklist provided to the instructors, informal observations were conducted. The standard for observation were those points included in the checklist. This sort of observation showed that all the instructors followed the guidelines in the checklist. The instructor assumed the function of adviser in the experimental groups. In other words, at the beginning of the experiment, the instructor introduced the standards needed to be taken into history while accommodating listening stuffs in a briefing session. Then, he was available for audience at the different phases of the procedure. On the other manus, the instructor was the lone beginning of information in the control group. 3. Consequences and Discussion The first statistic was Descriptive to guarantee the homogeneousness of the groups. It is shown in table 1. Table 1. Descriptive Statisticss of the tonss in the TOEFL trial Nitrogen No of Items Mean South dakota 120 122 15.4 2.04 From among the pupils whose tonss were one standard divergence above and below the mean, 90 pupils out of 120 were selected. Then, they were indiscriminately assigned to 3 groups ( two experimental groups and one control group ) . Table 2 shows that the mean and discrepancy of the three groups with 30 members each are about the same, so the three groups can be considered as homogeneous. Table 2. Descriptive Statisticss of Proficiency trial Nitrogen Mean Std. Deviation Discrepancy EXP-G1 ( film ) 30 15.02 2.04285 4.173 EXP-G2 ( News ) 30 15.35 2.04223 4.171 Control-G 30 15.08 1.99613 3.484 In order to look into listening ability of these three groups, the tonss obtained in the listening portion of TOEFL were once more fed into SPSS. The consequences are presented in table 3. Table 3. Descriptive statistics of Listening Proficiency trial Nitrogen Mean Std. Deviation Discrepancy Exp-G1 ( film ) 30 13.95 3.09 9.60 Exp-G2 ( News ) 30 13.01 3.12 9.77 Control G 30 13.63 3.41 10.60 It can be inferred from the informations that the three groups had about the same Mean and Standard divergence, which indicate the homogeneousness of the groups sing listening ability. The following effort was to find the pupils ‘ perceptual experience toward listening larning before transporting out the intervention. In so making, the questionnaire was distributed among the topics. Then, the consequences obtained from the first disposal of the questionnaire were gathered and fed into SPSS. In order to look into whether the difference was important, Chi-Square was run. Table 5 summarizes the consequences. Table 4. Chi-Square Statisticss for pretest Chi-Square Trials Value df Asymp. Sig. ( 2-sided ) Pearson Chi-Square 138.895 ( a ) 4 .000 Likelihood Ratio 143.839 4 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 120.582 1 .000 A 0 cells ( .0 % ) have expected count less than 5. The lower limit expected count is 44.96. The figure shown in table 4 indicates that there is a important relationship between points mensurating positive attitude and those mensurating negative attitude. In order to look into whether the magnitude of the topics ‘ inclination moves toward positive or negative, a correlativity coefficient was run. Table 5. Spearman ‘ rho correlativities of points of questionnaire Positive Negative Sum Sum Correlation Coefficient .620 ( ** ) .848 ( ** ) 1.000 As depicted in table 5, the correlativity between the overall mark and the negative subdivision is much higher than the correlativity between the overall mark and the mark of the positive subdivision at the important degree of 0.01. This suggests that the pupils have an overall negative attitude toward listening. In order to reply the first research inquiry, the addition mark of each pupil was calculated. Derive tonss calculated show 13 % betterment on pupils ‘ listening accomplishment. In order to see if there was any important difference between the average mark of three groups, a One-way ANOVA was conducted on the addition mark. The P value, at 2 and 87 grade of freedom was smaller than.05 ( table 6 ) . Table 6. The consequences of One-Way ANOVA for the Gain Mark Sum of Squares df F Sig. Between Groups 4.83 2 20.21 .00 Within Groups 10.41 87 The consequences obtained from running One-Way ANOVA showed that there were important differences between the average tonss of these three groups. This consequence does non demo where precisely the existent differences lie. To happen out where the groups were significantly different, a Pos Hoc comparing of agencies ( Tukey ) was conducted. Table 7. The consequences of Multiple Comparisons ( Tukey ) for the Posttest Average Difference ( I-J ) Std. Mistake Sig. 95 % Confidence Interval Control-G Exp-G2 ( intelligence ) .52 ( * ) .089 .00 .73 .30 Exp-G1 ( Movie ) .45 ( * ) .089 .00 .66 .24 Exp-G2 ( intelligence ) Control-G .52 ( * ) .089 .00 .30 .73 Exp-G1 ( Movie ) .06 .089 .74 .14 .27 Exp-G1 ( Movie ) Control .45 ( * ) .089 .00 .24 .66 Exp-G2 ( intelligence ) .06 .089 .74 .27 .14 As it is shown in Table 7, there is a important difference at the degree of 0.05 between the Control and Experimental ( News ) and Experimental ( Movie ) . The consequences besides show that there is no difference between the Experimental groups. In order to reply the 2nd research inquiry, the consequences of the 2nd disposal of the attitude questionnaire were fed into SPSS. The consequences are shown in table 8. Table 8. Chi-Square Statisticss for Posttest Value df Asymp. Sig. ( 2-sided ) Pearson Chi-Square 122.062 ( a ) 4 .000 Likelihood Ratio 125.407 4 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 105.693 1 .000 Harmonizing to the consequences presented in table 8, the difference is important at alpha degree of.05. To be able to demo the attitude way move clearly, a correlativity coefficient was run. The consequences are summarized in table 9. Table 9. The Spearman ‘ rho correlativities of points of questionnaire Positive Negative Sum Spearman ‘ rho Sum Correlation Coefficient .854 ( ** ) .565 ( ** ) 1.000 The consequences show that the correlativity found between the positive points and the entire figure of responses is higher than the correlativity between the tonss on the negative inquiries and the entire mark. The figure 0.85 is much higher than 0.56, which suggests a positive way in pupils ‘ attitude. The abovementioned consequences for the first phase of the survey indicate that concerted stuffs adaptation significantly affected the listening public presentation of linguistic communication scholars. The ground may be due to the fact that adapted listening stuffs met scholars ‘ demands, were interesting to them and accordingly increased scholars ‘ engagement. Subsequently the instructor shall detect an betterment in scholars ‘ addition tonss. In this survey, the topics in the experimental groups who had the opportunity to accommodate listening stuffs hand in glove accomplished the undertakings assigned better than those in the control group who did non hold such an chance. It advocates the necessity of affecting those who are traveling to utilize the hearing stuffs in the procedure of stuff usage version to guarantee run intoing run into the true demands of the pupils ( Tomlinson, Dat, Masuhara and Rudby, 2001 ) . As for the consequences for the 2nd portion of the survey, the impact of such a Strategy on altering scholars ‘ attitude toward listening was probed. In this survey, a positive alteration occurred in the attitude of scholars in experimental groups though the so great. So it may be concluded that the attitude improved as listening stuffs users were playing an active function in the procedure of instructional stuffs development. The ground of such a alteration might be due to raising scholars ‘ consciousness, run intoing their true demands and concerted stuffs version. The consequences support the earlier surveies done on different facets of affecting scholars in the procedure of larning stuffs version. Using a process reverse to the most common one ( teacher selected stuff ) presently exercised by instructors in learning listening comprehension, Fujiwara ( 1996 ) reported a alteration in the public presentation and attitude of those who themselves adapted listening stuffs. Unlike her topics who adapted stuffs in isolation based upon listening diary, the topics of the present survey adapted stuffs hand in glove from among self-access stuffs. This scheme proved to promote scholars to be involved in executing in-class and out-class hearing activities in order to better their hearing public presentation. As stated by Tomlinson, Dat, Masuhara and Rudby ( 2001 ) and Fujiwara ( 1996 ) the benefits achieved through the engagement of scholars may be important provided that such process is employed by stuff interior decorators and instructors. The findings besides support a work by Uvin ( 1996 ) . He reported that larning would be fascinated through the engagement of the scholars into all phases of ESOL class. Like his attack, in this survey, job resolution technique ( treatment, planning and action ) was utilised toward stuffs version. Finally the consequences of the survey go in line with a work by Pinheiro ( 1996 ) . She in her survey relied chiefly on scholars ‘ anterior experiences and background while developing the instructional stuffs. Like her survey, the findings show an betterment in compatibility of larning activities. She reported an addition in scholars ‘ interaction and coaction as the consequences of such compatibility. Based on such findings peer concerted self-access stuff version serves as an foil in the procedure of listening comprehension instruction and development of this accomplishment. This scheme helps the instructors motivate and encourage EFL scholars to take part in in-class and out-class hearing activities. Yet it is apparently required to keep a briefing session during which the major acquisition issues are introduced and discussed. The general result of the session was bettering scholars ‘ consciousness. The 2nd result which straight contributes to such an consciousness was version of stuffs which best suited their demands. Marrying up these two and peer cooperation led to high degree of engagement, interaction, coaction and finally a sense of accomplishment. However, there is still a fact that should non be lost sight of. Material version by scholars does n't intend that merely scholars should set about material version. What the scholars do demands to be supplemented by audience, aid and support on the portion of the instructors. In fact the function of rating listening stuffs and undertakings, which is needed to be carried out merely by professionals- stuff developers, instructors and etc, should non be ignored. The latter is surely a common process peculiarly used by instructors in listening categories, and it has confirmed to be affectional ( Nunan, 1993 ) . However, the usage of scholars ‘ engagement as a scheme offers some possible extra advantages to listening comprehension sweetening. 4. Decision and Deductions Didactically talking, the findings of the present survey should modify our understating of nature of stuffs version. Through version activities, scholars non merely see the existent usage of linguistic communication but besides the input they receive will be enriched culturally ( Alalou and Chamberlain, 1999 ) . One thing that debilitates listening comprehension is the deficiency of EFL scholars ‘ engagement in the procedure. An appropriate solution for this job is the engagement of scholars in the procedure of stuff version support teachers a batch because first it motivates scholars to take part enthusiastically in the hearing activities ( Hull, 1996 ) . It is merely because when they adapt listening stuffs, the stuff adapted will be based on their involvement. Therefore, they needfully become to the full involved in larning the new linguistic communication. Second, in their efforts to accommodate self-access hearing stuffs, run intoing their true demands is guaranteed. Third , it allows the pupils to be more adventuresome with the linguistic communication. This at the terminal enriches input from cultural point of position. As a affair of fact, larning and stabilising a new linguistic communication through promoting scholars to go involved volitionally in listening undertakings is one side of the coin. The other one is that instructors and stuff developers can acknowledge the debatable countries in listening through the procedure. Practically, strategic usage of equal concerted self-access stuff version has positive slipstream consequence on learning. In a better sense, instructors can easy detect cognition spreads and seek to take the obstructions. This is achieved through allowing scholars cheque and examine the available hearing stuffs harmonizing to their demands and involvements. Meantime, scholars should be concerted and at the same clip independent. Knowing it, the course of study interior decorators and stuff developers along with the instructors can successfully accommodate effectual hearing stuffs. Therefore, it apparently is the duty of the course of study interior decorators and stuff developers to affect scholars in the procedure of stuff version to the extent that their enthusiastic engagement additions and as the consequence larning takes topographic point. Hopefully, this survey is non an stoping but the beginning. More research is needed to be done to increase our apprehension of how different factors such as different proficiency degrees, genres and linguistic communication accomplishments may impact scholars ‘ engagement, attitude and accordingly public presentation. Recognitions The honest university professors, my co-workers, pupils and friends have been of priceless aid in the readying of this research. My debt of gratitude is to Dr. M.R. Anani Sarab whose priceless cooperation and aid helped me transport out this undertaking. I am highly thankful to Dr. M. R. Ataii for supplying me nice remarks to enrich the undertaking.